Suchergebnisse

La presente publicación pretende ofrecer a los profesionales y estudiantes de paisajismo una herramienta práctica y completa que, en contextos de clima mediterráneo, les ayude a seleccionar especies vegetales atendiendo a criterios de composición, uso, ecología y mantenimiento. Con dicho fin se recoge de forma sistemática y didáctica, información detallada sobre una extensa selección de especies agrupadas en las categorías siguientes: Arbolado perenne, Arbolado caduco, Coníferas, Palmáceas, zamiáceas y cicadáceas, Arbustos ornamentales, Tapizantes, Trepadoras, Plantas medicinales y aromáticas, Setos y Topiaria y Cítricos Ornamentales. La información contenida en este libro se complementa a su vez en un segundo volumen, en el que, siguiendo la misma metodología, se estudian grupos vegetales de uso o características más específicas. ; Galan Vivas, JJ.; Caballer Mellado, V.; Ballester-Olmos Anguis, JF.; Sánchez García, M.; Albuixech Moliner, J.; Esteras Pérez, FJ.; Castell Zeising, V. (2022). Material vegetal en paisajismo mediterrraneo (Volumen 1). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/REA.2022.629001 ; EDITORIAL ; Recursos Educativos Abiertos edUPV

Los microorganismos promotores del crecimiento vegetal son una alternativa en la biofertilización de los cultivos. Sin embargo, su utilización a nivel comercial requiere del desarrollo de un bioproducto que sea competitivo al nivel de costos y efectos sobre las plantas, con respecto a los fertilizantes tradicionales. Por tal razón, el objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar el estudio de la cinética del crecimiento celular de dos especies bacterianas, Bacillus megaterium BSF5 y Sphingomonas paucimobilis BFS3, coleccionadas en el banco de cepas del laboratorio de Microbiología de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, que se obtuvieron a partir de muestras de suelos de rosa y clavel del invernadero "Flores Iscalá", para producir un inoculante biológico para el mismo cultivo. Se evaluó un medio de cultivo líquido definido y se suministraron diferentes caudales de aire (VVM) con el fin de determinar la velocidad específica de crecimiento (μ) y la concentración celular en la máxima fase exponencial. A partir de estos resultados se continuó con el diseño de un medio de cultivo alternativo en el cual se suministraron fuentes nutricionales de bajo costo y fácil disponibilidad en la región, como la melaza, úrea y harina de hueso. Se determinó el crecimiento celular en dos concentraciones de azúcares teniendo en cuenta la cantidad que había sido suministrada en el medio de cultivo definido previamente evaluado. Se determinó que la inclusión de melaza en 1ºBrix para Bacillus megaterium y 2ºBrix para Sphingomonas paucimobilis favorece la producción de biomasa y disminuye los costos de materia prima, con respecto, a la obtenida en un medio de cultivo definido.Palabras clave: Bacillus megaterium, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, inoculantes, bioproceso, biofertilizantes.

En el primer semestre del 1996 la universidad Francisco de paula Santander ofreció por primera vez la carrera de ingeniería en producción biotecnológica. la cual ha tenido gran aceptación por la juventud regional.Se pretende en este artículo dar a conocer las bases en que se fundamenten la biotecnología vegetal, con el propósito de que las personas interesadas en su estudio tengan una fuente de información cercana y eficaz.

This present thesis shows improvements for the control and monitoring of reforestation projects and recovery of degraded areas in order to achieve greater survival and efficiency of the actions and corrective measures adopted. Initially a brief of the state of the forests of the European Union, Spain and the Valencian Community is carried out, governmental programs and repopulation actions stand out. A review is made of the studies that precede the present one in relation to the improvement of a methodology of integral control of the repopulations, which considers factors such as the quality of the project, quality of the execution, station quality and quality of the plant. To achieve the objectives of this thesis, data are used for repopulation in the Muela de Cortes de Pallás, where the development of the plants is verified. The data collection and mathematical model proposed relates the quality of execution and the station quality with the plant mortality. This model allows to infer in a probabilistic way the success of the performance by measuring parameters of performance quality and station quality, which would serve the experts to know beforehand the risk of failure that should be considerd for planing the further works timely follow-up. For the analysis of the quality of the plant are used the data of the project carried out in the localities of Domeño and Castellano, in the margins of the Loriguilla reservoir. In these places, morphological and physiological characteristics of plants from three nurseries were measured. From the morphological data, we have obtained a mathematical model that relates survival with classic variables of morphology such as height and root neck diameter. Also, from the analysis of the survival in several dates a threshold value is established from which the mortality is triggered limiting the chances of success of the repopulation. This same analysis discriminating by plants nursery allows to order these according to the quality of plant provided. On the other hand, an ...

[EN] Species of Diaporthe are considered important plant pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes on a wide range of plant hosts. Several species are well-known on grapevines, either as agents of pre-or post-harvest infections, including Phomopsis cane and leaf spot, cane bleaching, swelling arm and trunk cankers. In this study we explore the occurrence, diversity and pathogenicity of Diaporthe spp. associated with Vitis vinifera in major grape production areas of Europe and Israel, focusing on nurseries and vineyards. Surveys were conducted in Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Spain and the UK. A total of 175 Diaporthe strains were isolated from asymptomatic and symptomatic shoots, branches and trunks. A multi-locus phylogeny was established based on five genomic loci (ITS, tef1, cal, his3 and tub2), and the morphological characters of the isolates were determined. Preliminary pathogenicity tests were performed on green grapevine shoots with representative isolates. The most commonly isolated species were D. eres and D. ampelina. Four new Diaporthe species described here as D. bohemiae, D. celeris, D. hispaniae and D. hungariae were found associated with affected vines. Pathogenicity tests revealed D. baccae, D. celeris, D. hispaniae and D. hungariae as pathogens of grapevines. No symptoms were caused by D. bohemiae. This study represents the first report of D. ambigua and D. baccae on grapevines in Europe. The present study improves our understanding of the species associated with several disease symptoms on V. vinifera plants, and provides useful information for effective disease management. ; This research was supported by the European COST Action FA1303 on Sustainable control of grapevine trunk diseases (ManaGTD). Surveys and fungal collection performed in Hungary were supported by Szechenyi 2020 programme, the European Regional Development Fund, the Hungarian Government (GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00061) and EU H2020 project no. 652601. ; Guarmaccia, V.; Groenewald, JZ.; Woodhall, J.; Armengol ...

[EN] Fungal grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are some of the most pressing threats to grape production worldwide. While these diseases are associated with several fungal pathogens, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium minimum are important contributors to esca and Petri diseases. Recent research has linked grapevine xylem diameter with tolerance to Pa. chlamydospora in commercial rootstocks. In this study, we screen over 25 rootstocks for xylem characteristics and tolerance to both Pa. chlamydospora and Pm. minimum. Tolerance was measured by fungal incidence and DNA concentration (quantified via qPCR), while histological analyses were used to measure xylem characteristics, including xylem vessels diameter, density, and the proportion of the stem surface area covered by xylem vessels. Rootstocks were grouped into different classes based on xylem characteristics to assess the potential association between vasculature traits and pathogen tolerance. Our results revealed significant differences in all the analyzed xylem traits, and also in DNA concentration for both pathogens among the tested rootstocks. They corroborate the link between xylem vessels diameter and tolerance to Pa. chlamydospora. In Pm. minimum, the rootstocks with the widest xylem diameter proved the most susceptible. This relationship between vasculature development and pathogen tolerance has the potential to inform both cultivar choice and future rootstock breeding to reduce the detrimental impact of GTDs worldwide. ; Funding This research was founded by FEDER funding through a State Program of I + D + i oriented to the Challenges of Society (RTA2015-00015-C02-00), supported by The National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA). DG was supported by the Ramon y Cajal program, Spanish Government (RyC-2017-23098). This research has been developed as a result of a mobility stay funded by the Erasmus+ KA1 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degrees Programme of the European Commission under the PLANT HEALTH Project. ...

Los fabricantes peruanos de aceites vegetales están tratando de obstruir el ingreso de sus similares argentinos, alegando que estos tienen una subvención de 10% otorgada por el Gobierno argentino, que les permite competir deslealmente con la producción nacional y han solicitado al Indecopi una sobretasa arancelaria que los proteja contra este subsidio. El presente trabajo pretende analizar la validez de estas afirmaciones y la conveniencia de atender el pedido de los denunciantes. (Apuntes/DÜI)

Los fabricantes nacionales de aceites vegetales están tratando de obstruir el ingreso de sus similares argentinos, alegando que estos tienen una subvención de 10% otorgada por el Gobierno argentino, que les permite competir deslealmente con la producción nacional y han solicitado al Indecopi una sobretasa arancelaria que los proteja contra este subsidio. El presente trabajo pretende analizar la validez de estas afirmaciones y la conveniencia de atender el pedido de los denunciantes. ; The peruvian producer of vegetal cooking oil are trying to deter the entry of imports coming from Argentina, claiming that these products have a 10% subvention from the Argentinian Government and that this subsidy allows them to compete unfairly with the Peruvian producers. They are asking INDECOPI to apply a countervailing duty in order to outweigh the negative effects of this alleged subvention. This paper analyzes the validity of the arguments held by the plaintiffs and the convenience of fulfilling their requests.

The peruvian producer of vegetal cooking oil are trying to deter the entry of imports coming from Argentina, claiming that these products have a 10% subvention from the Argentinian Government and that this subsidy allows them to compete unfairly with the Peruvian producers. They are asking INDECOPI to apply a countervailing duty in order to outweigh the negative effects of this alleged subvention. This paper analyzes the validity of the arguments held by the plaintiffs and the convenience of fulfilling their requests. ; Los fabricantes nacionales de aceites vegetales están tratando de obstruir el ingreso de sus similares argentinos, alegando que estos tienen una subvención de 10% otorgada por el Gobierno argentino, que les permite competir deslealmente con la producción nacional y han solicitado al Indecopi una sobretasa arancelaria que los proteja contra este subsidio. El presente trabajo pretende analizar la validez de estas afirmaciones y la conveniencia de atender el pedido de los denunciantes.

Mompeón, M.; Fenollosa Ribera, ML.; López- Cortés, I. (2018). Evolución del cultivo de la vid en la D.O.P. Cariñena. La Semana Vitivinicola. (3531):2000-2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/124681 ; S ; 2000 ; 2009 ; 3531

[EN] Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are a big threat for global viticulture. Without effective chemicals, biocontrol strategies are developed as alternatives to better cope with environmental concerns. A combination of biological control agents (BCAs) could even improve sustainable disease management through complementary ways of protection. In this study, we evaluated the combination of Bacillus subtilis (Bs) PTA-271 and Trichoderma atroviride (Ta) SC1 for the protection of Chardonnay and Tempranillo rootlings against Neofusicoccum parvum Bt67, an aggressive pathogen associated to Botryosphaeria dieback (BD). Indirect benefits offered by each BCA and their combination were then characterized in planta, as well as their direct benefits in vitro. Results provide evidence that (1) the cultivar contributes to the beneficial effects of Bs PTA-271 and Ta SC1 against N. parvum, and that (2) the in vitro BCA mutual antagonism switches to the strongest fungistatic effect toward Np-Bt67 in a three-way confrontation test. We also report for the first time the beneficial potential of a combination of BCA against Np-Bt67 especially in Tempranillo. Our findings highlight a common feature for both cultivars: salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defenses were strongly decreased in plants protected by the BCA, in contrast with symptomatic ones. We thus suggest that (1) the high basal expression of SA-dependent defenses in Tempranillo explains its highest susceptibility to N. parvum, and that (2) the cultivar-specific responses to the beneficial Bs PTA-271 and Ta SC1 remain to be further investigated. ; Funding This work was supported by a French Grant from the Region GRAND-EST France and the City of GRAND-REIMS France through the BIOVIGNE Ph.D. program, whose functioning is supported by BELCHIM Crop Protection France. DG was supported by the Ramon y Cajal program, Spanish Government (RyC-2017-23098). ; Leal, C.; Richet, N.; Guise, J.; Gramaje, D.; Armengol Fortí, J.; Fontaine, F.; Trotel-Aziz, P. (2021). Cultivar Contributes to the ...

[EN] Diplodia tip blight is the most ubiquitous and abundant disease in Spanish Pinus radiata plantations. The economic losses in forest stands can be very severe because of its abundance in cones and seeds together with the low genetic diversity of the host. Pinus resinosa is not genetically diverse in North America either, and Diplodia shoot blight is a common disease. Disease control may require management designs to be adapted for each region. The genetic diversity of the pathogen could be an indicator of its virulence and spreading capacity. Our objective was to understand the diversity of Diplodia spp. in Spanish plantations and to compare it with the structure of American populations to collaborate in future management guidelines. Genotypic diversity was investigated using microsatellite markers. Eight loci (SS9-SS16) were polymorphic for the 322 isolates genotyped. The results indicate that Diplodia sapinea is the most frequent Diplodia species present in plantations of the north of Spain and has high genetic diversity. The higher genetic diversity recorded in Spain in comparison to previous studies could be influenced by the intensity of the sampling and the evidence about the remarkable influence of the sample type. ; This research was funded by INIA, grant number: RTA 2017-00063-C04-03, LIFE programme, grant number: LIFE14 ENV/ES/000179 and by the Basque Government, grant number FUNGITRAP 19-00031. Red pine cone collection in New England and pathogen isolation was funded by USDA Forest Service. ; Aragonés, A.; Manzanos, T.; Stanosz, G.; Munck, IA.; Raposo, R.; Elvira-Recuenco, M.; Berbegal Martinez, M. (2021). Comparison of Diplodia Tip Blight Pathogens in Spanish and North American Pine Ecosystems. Microorganisms. 9(12):1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122565 ; S ; 1 ; 17 ; 9 ; 12

Aim of study. The aim of this paper is to analyze how the news media influences the construction of the social perception of forests and forestry. Area of study. The area covered by this study is Spain. Material and Methods. The materials used for the analysis were the online news related to items such as forest, bioenergy and biodiversity, in two leading newspapers in Spain from 2009 to 2012. The hypotheses tested were divided into two sets, one focused on the messages and another focused on the sources on these messages. Summative content analysis was applied, combining both quantitative and qualitative data analysis. The messages and sources were systematically explored and monitored. Main results: As main results, forest wildfires news is the most frequent issue mentioned in the media, however they require deeper reflection and debate. Keywords such as forest management, owners, harvesting, products, etc. are rarely found anymore; furthermore, new terms such as biomass, are not yet prevalent. On sources, official institutions, primarily the regional governments, dominate the news sources with a share of over 50%. Research highlights: Mass media analysis is considered the most appropriate complement for perception studies as it provides relevant basic information needed to design a communication plan. Further research is required on the role mass media plays in how we perceive and react to the environmental problems around us. ; Fabra Crespo, M.; Rojas Briales, E. (2015). Analysis of mass media news on forest issues: a case study of Spain. Forest Systems (antes Investigación Agraria. Sistemas y Recursos Forestales). 24(2):1-11. doi:10.5424/fs/2015242-06381 ; S ; 1 ; 11 ; 24 ; 2

El traspatio es considerado un agroecosistema y ha sido incluido en programas gubernamentales con el fin de mejorar la seguridad alimentaria y contribuir a la reducción de la pobreza. Los objetivos fueron: analizar las características de los componentes estructurales del traspatio y precisar la contribución vegetal y animal a la mejora de la alimentación, salud e ingreso. Se utilizó la encuesta; la muestra fue de 63 Grupos Domésticos Campesinos (GDC) de un total de 444. Los resultados muestran que el traspatio está integrado por cuatro componentes: agrícola, pecuario, agua e infraestructura y equipo. Las características de los componentes permiten que los GDC cultiven diversas especies vegetales y críen varias especies animales. La producción vegetal y animal contribuye a la alimentación, la salud y al ingreso familiar. Abstract The backyard is considered an agroecosystem and it has been included in government programs for trying to improve food security and to reduce poverty. The aim of this research was to analyze the characteristics of the structural components of the backyard and to clarify the contribution of plant and animal products to improve feeding, health and family income. To gather information a survey was used, the sample was 63 Home Peasant Groups (HPG´s) of a total of 444. The results show that the backyard comprises four components; agriculture, livestock, water, infrastructure and equipment. The characteristics of the structural components allow (HPG´s) cultivate different plant species and breed different animal species. The plant and animal production improves different magnitude to feeding, health and family income.